Lansoprazole

Sharon Phillips Andreoli, MD

• Professor of Pediatrics,
• James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana
• University School of Medicine
• Byron P. and Frances D. Hollett
• Professor of Pediatrics,
• Director, Division of Pediatric Nephrology,
• Indiana University School of Medicine,
• Indianapolis, Indiana

When questioned further gastritis acid reflux diet order discount lansoprazole online, the businessmen admitted their belief was not based on either a familiarity with the scientific literature or an acquaintance with some psychics gastritis diet plan foods buy lansoprazole 15 mg free shipping. Another major endeavor in the business community is that of financial investments gastritis symptoms pain buy 15mg lansoprazole with amex. Large investment companies typically spend millions of dollars in market research and investigation gastritis y colitis order generic lansoprazole pills. In spite of all this effort gastritis in english 15 mg lansoprazole visa, education and statistical science gastritis bleeding cheap 30 mg lansoprazole mastercard, major investment companies not infrequently fail to achieve results that equal the performance of the overall market. Louis Business Journal conducted a special event with nineteen prominent stockbrokers and one psi practitioner, Mrs. Jaegers, who has no professional training in corporate analysis, outperformed eighteen of the nineteen experts. Keith Harary (courtesy Thinking Allowed Productions) Russell Targ (courtesy Thinking Allowed Productions) In a unique pilot study, Harary was able to predict the movement of silver futures accurately for nine consecutive weeks. Actually, he did not predict the price changes directly, rather he was asked to describe an object or scene that he was to view the following week. The objects were randomly coded by the investigators to correlate with movements in the price of silver. The success of this study, even though subsequent tests failed to yield the same extraordinary results, enabled Targ and Harary to financially sustain their continued business and research activities for a period of time. The organization has since disbanded - although not before Targ and Harary wrote a best-selling book describing their work, the Mind Race. The applied psi activities of Uri Geller has been reported in business publications and in a biography which Geller co-authored with Guy Lyon Playfair. Geller, of course, achieved notoriety for his unusual work as a psychic entertaine. However, for well over a decade, Geller has discontinued his work as a laboratory subject and has entered the world of psionics. I will quote some portions from that article: 250 Big businesses," he [Geller] says, "are beginning to listen to people who think they can deliver something with their sixth sense. Or, if a Boone Pickens has the power to compel a Gulf or Cities Service to bow to the terms of his latest merger offer? What if he knows what the stock market or the gold market or the bond market will do in the next week or next month or next year? Acting as a sort of airborne divining rod, Geller targeted 11 prospects, four of which he says proved out. Tishman Reality in a $500 million hotel, condominium shopping development near Disney World in Florida. Public Safety After a mine disaster in Wales, in which 144 people perished, researchers collected reports from individuals who claimed to have had premonitions of the event. In twenty-four cases, the percipient had actually talked to another person about the premonition before the catastrophe. Cox accumulated statistics on the numbers of passengers aboard 28 railroad trains which were involved in accidents. These figures were found to be significantly less than the number of passengers on the same trains one week before or a few days after the accident. There were also fewer passengers in damaged and derailed coaches than would have been expected according to the figures for non-accident days. Cox hypothesized that many potential passengers were aware of the oncoming tragedy, but not on a fully conscious level. About two months before the assassination of Robert Kennedy in June 1968, Alan Vaughan, then in Germany studying synchronicity at the Freiburg Institute for Border Areas of Psychology, began to develop a strong premonition that Kennedy would be assassinated. On April 29 and again on May 28, Vaughan wrote letters to parapsycholgists notifiying them of his premonition and hoping that Kennedy could be warned. His letter was received by Stanley Krippner at the Maimonides Hospital Medical Center on the morning of June 4. Perhaps the subjects had not sufficiently demonstrated their reliability in the past. Education Modern American education is oriented toward the cultivation of the mental abilities charted by Benjamin Bloom et al. This "cultural vacuum" may have been responsible for the growth of many cults and organizations claiming to train psi and other related abilities. The mainstream educational community has yet to awaken to the challenge of assessing the need and potential for parapsychological education within the school system. One area of obvious potential application and some apparent results is in special education for the blind. Creativity in Art, Literature and Music Luiz Gasparetto in trance ostensibly possessed by the spirit of Vincent Van Gogh Trance experience is sometimes accompanied by artistic production that seems beyond the experience and talent of the conscious mind. Well-known examples of this phenomena are the literary productions of the Brazilian spiritist Chico Xavier, the artistic productions of Luiz Gasparetto (another Brazilian spiritist) and the 252 classical musical creations of the English medium, Rosemary Brown. In each of these cases, mediums claim that the artistic creations are produced with the aid of discarnate entities. Agriculture and Pest Control the use of magical rituals as an adjunct to agriculture certainly dates back to prehistoric times. It eventually became formalized in the Eleusinean mystery religion of ancient Greece. In contemporary society, some practitioners use "radionics" instruments as devices for focusing concentration and eliminating pests and disease from crops. Athletics and Sports Anecdotal accounts, collected by Michael Murphy and Rhea White, suggest peak moments of psychic perception, psychokinesis, and synchronistic flow are associated with dramatic levels of athletic performance. Rhea White Murphy, founder of the Esalen Institute in Big Sur, California, has developed a database suggesting that athletes develop extraordinary control of the human body - powers comparable to that those reported of yogis, mystics and saints. Adrian Boshier reported that tests for this are a normal part of shamanistic 253 training in South Africa. An experimental model for testing this ability in natural situations has been designed by Patric Geisler, a psi researcher and anthropologist. Scientific Discovery At the beginning of the twentieth century the theosophist clairvoyant C. Leadbeater published a book called Occult Chemistry in which he attempted to use psi perception to determine the structure of molecules. In the realm of astronomy, remote viewing experiments have reportedly provided unexpected data that was later confirmed by satellite probe. Weather Prediction and Control the ability to control the weather is reputed to occur among shamans of many tribal groups and has reportedly been observed in the American Indian culture as well as the Tibetan. Followers of the psychiatrist Wilhelm Reich claim to have developed control over the weather through the use of mysterious "cloudbusters" that are said to manipulate "orgone energy. The village of about 1000 individuals rushed down to the beach eagerly expecting a rare feast, and Grimble documents that he observed an entire flotilla of porpoises swim onto the beach, passively offering themselves to the natives: They were moving toward us in extended order with spaces of two or three yards between them, as far as the eye could reach. The years since the first publication of the Roots of Consciousness have seen the birth and growth of an international movement to foster and study new forms of communication between humans and cetaceans. An organization, called the New Frontiers Institute, operating in a San Francisco suberb had developed some unusual methods for psychic work akin to travelling clairvoyance occurring during a mutual hypnotic induction. Members of the group included a chiropracter, a housewife from Argentina, an astrophysicist, a psychiatrist and an accountant. I found them to be amiable and was willing to engage in group hypnotic experiences with them. Typically, we would "fly" to the top of the north tower of the Golden Gate Bridge. After, checking to make sure we were all "there," we would "fly" off on further adventures- each of us describing our experiences verbally to the others. On one such occasion, we decided to visit Marine World, a Bay Area wildlife amusement park, to see whether we could communicate with a dolphin. As the conversation progressed, the following points emerged: 1) We were with a female dolphin. The issue of helping a dolphin escape was not entirely absurd - as such an instance had recently been reported in the news. We all felt a great deal of empathy for "Dee," but we were not prepared to engage in illegal activities in her behalf. If we could somehow objectively demonstrate some type of human dolphin telepathic communication, the knowledge of this might provoke other humans into rethinking our entire relationship with dolphins in a way that would greatly benefit "Dee" and others of her species. Meanwhile we would use whatever psychic means we had to help "Dee" and to heal her. This particular session had a remarkable quality in terms of both its vividness and the group coherence. Immediately after awakening from the group hypnotic experience, we phoned Marine World to see if they had a dolphin that resembled "Dee. During our first session at Marine World, the trainers had placed Dondi in a tank with five five other dolphins. Five of the six of our group succeeded in this - although there was some discussion among us and these could not be thought of as independent observations (which would be of relevance for statistical analysis). The dolphin trainers also told us that, from their own experiences with these very intelligent animals, they had little doubt of the possibility of telepathic communication between cetaceans and humans. A New Zealander, Robson was knighted by Queen Elizabeth for the remarkable work described in his book Thinking Dolphins - Talking Whales. He had achieved heroic 255 status by saving a pod of whales that had become stranded on a sandbar in the South Pacific. Robson described this success, and many other experiences as resulting from a type of telepathy. Thus the dolphin trainers at Marine World were most willing to work with the New Frontier Institute group to explore further the possibility of human-dolphin telepathy. Over a period of months, members of the group frequented the dolphin tanks at Marine World, paying particular attention to Dondi. In May of 1977, a pilot attempt was made to assess the effectiveness of the New Frontiers Institute work with dolphins. The final results were suggestive of the possibility that Dondi was responsive, over 50% of the time, to telepathic instructions. Another interspecies explorer, and international organizer of the movement, is Wade Doak of Whangerei, New Zealand, author of ten books on natural history and wildlife, including Dolphin Dolphin and Encounters With Whales and Dolphins. Wade Doak Doak maintains that his exploration of interspecies communication began with a simple incident that took place on his catamaran in the waters off of New Zealand. An American visitor sitting on the deck suddenly and unexpectedly experienced an altered state of consciousness which he described as being like "a pinball machine in my head. In the dream, Wade Doak was in the water surrounded by dolphins who were swimming about him in a figure-eight pattern. In his explorations, he had encountered many exotic forms of communication among the various species - including the native, micronesian tribes. In order to explore this hypothesis further, he visited a shaman of the New Zealand Maori people. The Maoris call themselves the "people of the dolphin" and legend has it that their tribes was originally guided to the New Zealand islands in past ages by the dolphins themselves. He pointed out that "tepuhi" is the Maori word for the sound that dolphins make when they blow water from their blowholes. Then they swam around Doak in a figure eight pattern - a confirmation of the dream communication. Doak has since spent the intervening years continuing his efforts to communicate with and even live with dolphins in the open waters. He is also the founder of Project Interlock, an informal, international network of individuals who are engaging in similar experiences. The team approach permits the occasional errors and discrepancies in the information provided by individual team members to be almost completely eliminated. The questioning cycle may be repeated one or more times in order to resolve ambiguities or contradictions, usually traceable to erroneous preconceptions or unintended vagueness in the questions and to otherwise reduce the noise level in the intuitive communication channel. The final consensus takes the form of specific hypotheses amenable to test by ordinary scientific means. In some cases it provides new perspectives and new ideas about the problem under study. Actually, the method employed by Kautz is very similar to the "Delphi method" which is used in future forecasting. In this method, various experts are questioned about potential future phenomena which fall under their expertise. The primary difference is that Kautz does not employ intellectual or academic experts; he employs people whose knowledge is derived from intuitive sources, which may be taken, in this case, as a possible euphemism for psi sources. Kautz has been applying this method, under contract, for va"Ious business and professional organizations. He recently completed a study for a Japanese research institute on the "Future of Japan. Some Concluding Thoughts About Folklore There is an ironic boundary separating the worlds of science and folklore. While folklore, as such, carries little or no scientific weight; science, without folklore, has little or no real meaning. This is most evident in looking at the writings of certain critics of psi research. Such critics will, from time to time, grudgingly acknowledge that some studies contain statistically anomalous effects. However, they point out these effects are simply meaningless statistical correlations pointing to no recognizable phenomena or principles. I believe they are wrong to eliminate all history and folklore from scientific consideration.

Day Herbal remedies and dietary supplements based on q the authors who have taken part in this study declared that they do natural? ingredients are popular gastritis diet òñí buy generic lansoprazole 15 mg on line, over 60% of patients not have anything to disclose regarding funding or con? We observed an co-morbidity and no apparent pre-existing liver dis O index case implicating Herbalife as a cause for fulmin ease except for patient no chronic gastritis guideline lansoprazole 30 mg sale. Therefore gastritis from stress buy lansoprazole from india, we conducted a systematic tant drug use was modest as reported in Table 1; none survey in public Swiss hospitals chronic gastritis group1 cheap lansoprazole 30mg otc, pathology departments of the drugs taken are known for signi? Materials gastritis diet çðåëûå buy lansoprazole in united states online, patients and methods exhibited signs of either allergy or extra-hepatic disease chronic gastritis metaplasia order cheap lansoprazole on-line. Three patients had a complicated clinical course as A short questionnaire was sent to all heads of the departments of described below. Liver enzymes and bilirubin levels at medicine of Swiss public hospitals (n = 121), divisions of gastroenter presentation are reported in Table 2. Seven of the 10 ology/hepatology (n = 12), of pathology (n = 16) and to the Swiss pharmacovigilance database. In the question patients had marked hyperbilirubinemia but prothrom naire, the following questions were asked bin time was normal in nine of the ten patients with the exception of case no. Almost all patients were taking sev O Based upon this questionnaire, we could identify 12 cases of poten eral Herbalife products at the same time (Table 3). We then requested additional information In seven out of ten patients a liver biopsy was per from the treating physician; patients were included if concomitant liver disease or concomitant intake of other potentially hepatotoxic drugs formed. Hepatic necrosis, marked lymphocytic and could be ruled out by the following criteria: eosinophilic in? Alcohol consumption and O the patient had been consuming various Herbalife diphenhydramine were discontinued but liver enzymes products since 1999 for weight loss; the products were did not normalize after 3 months o? Therefore, a liver biopsy was performed and O was advised to stop his intake of Herbalife products; revealed perivenular necrosis, endophlebitis and? In 2002, the alterations of central and sub-lobular veins consistent O patient resumed taking Herbalife products with a with sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. The patient was questioned again V < 20% she was listed for super-urgent liver transplan with respect to alternative medications; he then con tation and successfully transplanted 7 days after admis O O fessed to having consumed Herbalife products for the sion. The patient discontinued Herba who encouraged her to take the compound for weight O life and liver enzymes normalized over several months. Liver biopsy obtained shortly after admission He was last seen in 2005 with an increase in liver showed sub-acute cholestatic and necrotizing hepatitis O enzymes; Herbalife consumption was denied. One year post transplant, there was one episode of slightly elevated liver enzymes. At that O this was the index case; this 41-year-old female time, she was vague on Herbalife use but was advised O patient born in Laos but living for 12 years in Swit again to refrain from taking Herbalife. Since then, she zerland developed jaundice, fatigue and hepatic is doing well with normal liver enzymes 7 years after encephalopathy. She had antibodies against hepatitis A Assessment of causality performed according to and B. Two patients continued to put O themselves at risk even after conceding that Herbalife was the cause of their liver disease. We have uncovered 10 convincing cases over a period of 7 years in a small country (population of 7,500,000). The company itself estimates that about 80,000 customers in Switzerland consume one or more of their products. An alter O native explanation is that Herbalife products are mostly safe but that there are some products with con siderable potential for hepatotoxicity. Histologically, the needle biopsy shows a moderate degree of sub Moreover, it appears that the company prepares its acute lobular and portal hepatitis. A report ized by hepatocyte damage, with frequent apoptotic bodies, a focal from Israel in another article in this issue of the journal mixed, lymphocyte-predominant in? The liver enzyme pattern was hepatocellular in nine and mixed hepatocellular/cholestatic in one patient according to International criteria [5]. Of the others, one each showed giant cell hepatitis with massive sub-acute necrosis and sinu soidal obstruction syndrome, respectively. Giant cell hepatitis in the adult is most often due to autoimmune disease [6]; this appears rather unlikely in our patient since IgG and auto-antibodies were negative. Similarly, paramyxovirus [7] and herpes family viruses, other known causes of giant cell hepatitis, were excluded sero Fig. In support of her liver disease being due to hepatitis with marked hepatocyte damage, apoptotic bodies. A few O Herbalife is the suspected rechallenge after transplan syncytial giant cells are found. The explant shows similar changes, but the tation and the fact that giant cell hepatitis has been? Typically, such alkaloids are found in herbal We report 10 well-documented cases implicating Her medicines containing Heliotropium, Senecio, Symphytum O balife products in clinically signi? Another 12 cases are reported from Israel in another Some patients developed slight to moderate? In our series, prognosis seems to be favorable if the Revealing the cause of suspected hepatotoxicity in o? Only insistent when the patient fails to acknowledge intake of the questioning often after liver biopsy raised the suspi o? Usually, the exact number of admixed products as well as their exact composition is unknown. Schweiz Med Forum O our patients used Herbalife products for weight reduc 2006;5:147?148. Criteria of drug-induced liver disorders: to induce weight loss and is reported to be present in report of an international consensus meeting. Report Post-infantile giant cell hepatitis: histological and immunohisto edly, the company took care of removing ephedrine chemical study. Herbal hepatotoxicity: an expanding but Camellia sinensis have been reported of which three were poorlyde? High prevalence of potentially hepatotoxic herbal supplement use in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the use of based on rechallenge initiated by the patient. Hepatotoxicity associated with supplements containing Chinese green tea (Camellia sinensis). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Additionally, we examined whether pretreatment liver biopsy is a positive predictor for treatment completion and if the presence of mental health disorders is a negative predictor for treatment completion. Clinical data was obtained from the computerized patient record system and was analyzed for respective parameters. Also, 44% of patients who received a pre treatment liver biopsy completed treatment versus 46% completion rates for patients who did not receive a pretreatment liver biopsy. In conclusion, pretreatment liver biopsy was not a positive predictor for treatment completion, and the presence of mental health disorders was not a negative predictor for treatment completion. Race The main goals of this study were to defne the overall was obtained by chart documentation based on patient self treatment response and treatment completion rates among report. Baseline laboratory data diferent concepts were proposed for evaluating this domain. Stop dates for treatment were defned as 4 weeks afer complete therapy if they undergo staging of liver disease by the last prescription fll date for interferon or ribavirin, unless means of biopsy. Does having a biopsy, which is an invasive specifcally stated otherwise in progress notes. The number of procedure, psychologically motivate patients to complete treatment courses was determined using pharmacy records, therapy [25]? Completion also predict that patients who do not receive liver biopsy rates were determined by the occurrence of treatment ending might be less aware of their disease severity and may be less earlier than the specifed treatment length, as determined likely to see treatment to completion. Reasons for early termination of treatment ing psychiatric side efects, ofen leading to early discontinua were recorded if specifcally stated in progress notes. To determine if the presence of mental health disorders is a negative predictor for treatment comple 2. Hepatitis Research and Treatment 3 Laboratory data, pharmacy records, and progress notes Table 1: Baseline characteristics. Anemia, neu Variables Cohort (= 375) tropenia, and thrombocytopenia occurring during the stud ied course of treatment were recorded. Pharmacy records Gender were used to determine if growth factors such as erythro Male, (%) 367 (98%) poietin or flgrastim were utilized to treat respective adverse Female, (%) 8 (2%) efects. Eighty-eight of the 463 sub 1and4, (%) 301 (80%) jects were excluded for the following reasons: 24 (27. Diabetes was Not assessed or not documented, (%) 87 (23%) common in the cohort, afecting 97 (26%) patients. Concomitant substance abuse was reported by 11 3rd or more, (%) 31 (8%) (3%) patients while 30 (8%) patients reported use of alcohol Concomitant substance abuse, (%) 11 (3%) during treatment. Concomitant alcohol use, (%) 30 (8%) Mental health disorders were common, with 224 (59. The remaining patients were either well-documented nonresponders (187 (50%)) or lacked documentation of response (72 (19%)). Median duration of therapy among genotypes 2 and 3 4 than genotypes 2 and 3 (23% versus 59%, < 0. Median duration of therapy among 85 patients, 37 (44%) completed the full course of therapy. Bipolar disorder 13 4 Mood disorder (not specifed) 7 2 Cognitive disorder/organic brain disorder 4 1 cohort (23%) was signifcantly greater than the rate of liver 1 biopsy in the untreated chronic hepatitis C population at our Personality disorder 4 center (3. DoesHavingaMentalHealthDisorderAfectCompletion number of mental health disorders at baseline afected rates of Antiviral Terapy? The most common reasons for early discontinuation interferon and ribavirin can cause symptoms of anxiety and were (1) medication-related side efects (46%), (2) virological depression at an incidence of 20?30% [26?28]. To determine have shown that almost 50% of patients undergoing antiviral the impact of mental health disorders on completion rates, treatment can experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, or we assessed treatment completion rates across three groups: irritability [29]. Additional studies have shown that interferon patients without a mental health disorder at baseline, patients induced depression signifcantly contributes to early discon with one mental health disorder at baseline, and patients with tinuation of treatment and subsequently lower incidence of two or more mental health disorders at baseline (Table 3). Discussion patients with schizophrenia have similar completion rates as patients without schizophrenia [34]. Williams, Global challenges in liver disease, Hepatology, tory,tohaveclosemonitoringandindividualizationoftheir vol. Alter, The prevalence of hepatitis C virus indicate that it is necessary to standardize the monitoring infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002, Annals of Internal Medicine,vol. Cheung, Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in American Veterans, American Journal of Gastroenterology,vol. Seef,Diag for bias was known prior to preparation of the study, as this nosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update, was a retrospective analysis. Another limitation was virus infection: 2011 practice guideline by the American Asso also attributed to the study design. Walker, Hepatitis C virus infection, The In conclusion, in this retrospective analysis, liver biopsy New England Journal of Medicine,vol. Similar tality in compensated cirrhosis type C: a retrospective follow-up completion rates were found between patients without a study of 384 patients, Gastroenterology,vol. Treatment discontinuation due fbrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C, The to psychiatric-related adverse drug efects was found to be Lancet,vol. Ho, Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with hepatitis C and interferon alpha: a review, American Journal of Psychiatry,vol. Fried, Side efects of therapy of hepatitis C and their management, Hepatology, vol. They are important to understand the clinical manifestations of hepatobiliary diseases. The signs, diagnostic procedures, and specific diseases associated with these syndromes are discussed. Normally, the flow in the biliary tree results from bile production in the proximal part and concentration of bile in the distal part. Only the flow of bile in the common bile duct is influenced by active transport due to peristalsis (gall bladder contractions and closure or relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi). The major trigger for gallbladder contraction is the hormone cholecystokinine,4?7 which is secreted by the duodenal mucosa under the influence of fat or protein (amino acids). The gallbladder does not contract suddenly, like the urinary bladder, but gradually over 1 to 2 hours. Furthermore, the gallbladder is emptied incompletely and variably following a meal (5%?65%). Bile acids are produced by the liver from cholesterol, which is a major route of cholesterol excretion. The 2 acids formed are cholic acid and che nodeoxycholic acid (the so-called primary bile acids). Bile acids are made hydrophilic before excretion into bile by conjugation with glycine and taurine. A small fraction of Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, University Utrecht, Yalelaan 108, P. Active bile acid excretion creates a huge concentration gradient between the cells and the canaliculi with a factor of 2,000. The osmotic gradient induced causes excretion of water into the canaliculi, which is a major driving force of the bile flow.

A department is not just an aggregation of interest gastritis diet ëåãî order lansoprazole 30 mg without prescription, but is a full-blown institution pro viding services for its aggregate of people gastritis help buy lansoprazole american express, including working spaces chronic gastritis nexium lansoprazole 15 mg fast delivery, meeting spaces gastritis all fruit diet buy 15mg lansoprazole fast delivery, seminars gastritis diet 90 buy lansoprazole with visa, opportunities for chance interaction chronic gastritis reflux purchase lansoprazole 15 mg free shipping, equipment, curricula, degree programs, funding, etc. Because these institutions operate through proximity, they function less well when people are not there? on a full-time or full-attention basis. Moreover, it can take considerable time for someone to internalize the workings?the culture? of an institution. If someone does not know the internal workings of an institution (for example, how talks are sched uled and where they normally occur) its mediating power is lost on them, and indeed possibilities are disguised (when it is possible to drop in for a talk). Further complicating matters is that many campus institutional structures crosscut each other, creating ambiguity, but also richness. Each department sits in a college neighborhood and is nuanced by it, yet it actually Figure 1: the Map and Buddies services. The Buddies service shows colleagues and their locations, organized by their prox We hypothesize that mobile computing applications, by me imity. Other services are reached by the navigation bar or clicking items embedded in the views. In such a role, ActiveCampus is not a replacement or proxy for extant institutions, but rather a facilitator. As part of a broader project puting power, as well as (on the positive side) their mobility using the campus as a living laboratory, researchers in the and relative unobtrusiveness. Third, we demonstrate these services with a par tution is typically a physically aggregated entity, displaying ticular design and implementation suitable for small form an institution in a transparent form and showing its mediated factor wireless devices. Depending on the Theory and Requirements Here, we interpret institution broadly, including entities like depart Learning activities, spontaneous and otherwise, are heavily ments, libraries, seminar series, and even people. The notions of mediated mediated by a university campus through its structural con learning described herein are informed by the work of Michael Cole [2]. Clicking on different parts There are many research efforts on augmenting the physical of the tree leads to different parts of an interactive artwork. Now she begins to lay information to enhance their knowledge of what they are understand all the weird stuff she?d been seeing on campus! Even if she had seen these out of her morning Engineering 53 lecture, introduction to posters earlier, it would not have been in the context of her electrical engineering. In the Price Center, the mere concentration talk gets technical quickly, the introduction has shown her a of people is the barrier created by the institution, but the con link between people and computer engineering. After helping her notice that her friend Brad sage icon highlighted in blue), clicks on him and sends him was nearby, she used messaging and his displayed location a Wanna go eat? In this way, Sarah is using Active After lunch, Sarah decides to go to the library to get a head Campus to maintain and even develop her social network in start on her Engineering 53 homework. Sarah could meet new people by modify brary, she notices that the tree outside the library is not dead, ing her privacy settings from the default visible to buddies only? to visible to buddies and others. Inanadhoc sophical and technical guidance on technology-sustainedcom community, it might be hard to buddy-up spontaneously with munities. Jadine Yee, Justin Lee, Daniel Wittmer, Antje Petzold, Jean Aw, Linchi Tang, Adriene Jenik, and Jason Chen for their Digital Graf? Consequently, she found out not only what bol Technologies for their software technical support. Interacting with Computers, etly listening undergraduates, but a place where people just 14:301?312, 2002. Using and Sarah has taken an important step from being a passive visi determining location in a context-sensitive tour guide. Any ActiveCampus entity can be tagged: a static ob location-based information systems. Through A component architecture for an extensible, highly integrated artistic expressions, political debates, and the like, graf? Rapid a few typical examples of serendipitous interactions assisted prototyping of mobile context-aware applications: the Cy by ActiveCampus. Ben heads over to the cafeteria and joins Bill and tion tool for location awareness to support informal interac Jens for lunch. Context-sensitive nomadic the food court, and concludes that he?ll arrive shortly. In Ubicomp 2000, pages 127?142, Berlin, Bob is waiting for Bill to return to his of? It employs badges, active radio proximity tags, global positioning novel probabilistic techniques such as particle filters to fuse system receivers, infrared laser range-finders, 802. Specifically, our live and remote procedure calls, similar to many modern demonstration tracks multiple people using statistical ubiquitous computing systems. Participants are invited to the Location Stack codifies a set of layered abstractions don tracking badges and watch a projected visualization of based on properties identified in a previous survey of the real-time probabilistic estimates of all participants? location systems [1] and the design experiences of several locations. We want to interact naturally with input-output devices casually encountered in the environment. Yet, to meet these goals, existing location aware ubicomp systems can be improved in two areas: 1. Solid design abstractions can provide a common vocabulary for comparative evaluation of location systems. Fusing readings from multiple different sensor technologies can exploit the advantages of each technology while presenting a single application Figure 1: the Location Stack abstractions are a general programming interface that probabilistically represents framework and common vocabulary for location-aware location information. Based on We briefly discuss the layers and the interfaces they lessons from a previous survey of location systems [1] we provide with particular emphasis on the fusion layer the created the Location Stack, a common vocabulary and thrust of this demonstration. Information is pushed up the stack as sensors generate new information about the changing state of the physical world. Measurements Each sensor driver discretizes and classifies the data produced into measurements of type Distance, Angle, Proximity, or Position as well as several aggregate types such as Scan (a distance-angle combination). These measurement likelihood models describe the probability of observing a measurement given a location of the person or object. Such a model consists of two types of information: First, the sensor noise and, second, a map of the environment. Figure 3: Measurement likelihood model for infrared the problem of constructing maps of indoor environments proximity badges. Darker areas represent higher receives substantial attention in the robotics research likelihood. The likelihood function is a ring around the location of the sensor where the width of the ring is the uncertainty in the measured distance. Such noise may be represented by a Gaussian distribution centered at the measured distance. Furthermore, since ultrasound sensors frequently produce measurements that are far from the true distance due to reflections, all locations in the environment have some likelihood, as indicated by the gray areas in the map. Infrared sensors provide only proximity information, so likelihood is a circular region around the receiver. In this demonstration we illustrate Figure 2: Measurement likelihood model ultrasound estimating the location of multiple people where each tags. Refer to [3] for a general survey of Bayesian filtering techniques for location estimation or [4] for an in depth treatment of particle filters and Monte Carlo statistical techniques. First, we have shown how particle filters can be used more efficiently by constraining possible locations of a person to locations on a Voronoi graph of free space that naturally represents typical human motion along the main axes of the environment. In experiments we found that such Voronoi graph tracking results in better estimates with less computation. Furthermore, the Voronoi graph structure can be used to learn high-level motion patterns of a person. For example, the graph can capture information such as Rebecca goes into room 22 with probability 0. In particular, we have introduced a technique to combine Figure 4: Sensor fusion of infrared and ultrasound highly accurate anonymous sensors like scanning infrared sensors. In this example, Arrangements the person is wearing an infrared badge and ultrasound tag We provide two operators to relate the locations of multiple and starts in the upper right corner as indicated by the icon. We provide a test for multi-object proximity given Since the start location is unknown to the system, the a distance and a test for containment with a map region. The second picture (top right) shows the posteriors of each object, the results of these tests can also location probability after the person has moved out of the be probabilistic. At this point, the pairwise confidence matrix that a given group of objects samples are spread over different locations. Taken together, these ultrasound sensor detects the person, their location can be operators provide a probabilistic implementation of the estimated more accurately, as shown in the third (bottom programming with space? metaphor as used with great left) picture in Figure 4. Future hallway on the left, the samples are spread over a larger work in our implementation of the Arrangements layer is to area, since this area is only covered by infrared sensors that provide an additional operator to test for more general only provide very coarse location information (bottom geometric formations of multiple objects. Objects are tracked in 7 dimensions (x, categorizes contextual information into semantic states y, z, pitch, roll, yaw, and linear velocity). Our performance (more objects or a faster measurement rate) implementation of the Context and Activities layers is in its can be realized by reducing the state space to two infancy because few ubiquitous computing systems have dimensions or through more advanced techniques such as been deployed which take sensor information all the way our technique of constraining the particle filters to Voronoi up to the level of human activity inference. Another way inroads, we are collaborating with the Assisted Cognition to increase performance is to distribute computation across research group, a group seeking to create novel computer multiple fusion services, although applying certain systems that will enhance the quality of life of people Arrangements layer operators then poses additional suffering from Alzheimer disease and similar cognitive challenges. Springer-Verlag, statistical sensor fusion of information from multiple New York, 2001. Voronoi tracking: Location estimation using sparse the Location Stack abstractions structure location systems and noisy sensor data. A tutorial on hidden Markov models and available Java package containing a complete framework selected applications in speech recognition. The clip on keyboards, and data gloves, impede device multitude of attempted solutions to the text input problem usability. To interact with the device the user must either for mobile devices addresses such usability issues. Our don the interaction accessory or, say, pick up a stylus, novel approach to the handheld interaction problem makes which in the case of many portable devices, means that use of animated transparencies and mouse-gesture both hands are needed [5]. Many small techniques to create interface tools that permit the liberal device interface mechanisms, such as optimized soft and intensive population of a display with adequately sized keyboards for text input, are not easy to learn to use [12]. Additionally we strive to realize example with a significant learning overhead [13]. A suitable balance between redundancy in input elements composed of integrated superimposed animated device features and availability of display area should graphical layering [1,3,8,15] or, more specifically, image be sought. This application is used throughout the commonly used to optimize screen area, which can often paper to provide supporting examples of our approach. The Constraints of Handheld Interaction conventional approach of using a layer of transparency to All proposed solutions to the handheld interaction problem display a menu is done at the cost of obscuring whatever is fail to acknowledge the constraints of portability and in the background. This is not the image multiplexing compactness, ease and convenience of interaction and the effect we are after, but rather a compromise between two deft conservation of screen real estate. Overloading, or further confounded due to the lack of a suitable solution, image multiplexing, is the application of techniques such giving rise to multiple versions of essentially the same as dynamic signatures and animation [1,3,7,8,15] to permit approaches, varying only in the design compromises made, the layering of multiple transparent images, whilst such as proposing the use of larger control elements at the reducing the effects of visual rivalry between these expense of screen real-estate. Consider the following competing layers, a sort of intensive farming? of screen influences on interface design for small handheld devices. An important factor in the design of user interfaces for small devices is ease of use. In order to free up as much screen the incorporation of simple gestures or mouse strokes display as possible, input dialogues are reduced in size. To [10,13] is an elegant solution offering the additional minimize the display area used, designers resort to using context required beyond that of the restricted point & click menus. This permits a larger population of control hierarchical submenus, leading to an awkward, slow, and elements with a greater redundancy of related commands cumbersome interaction style [9]. Unnecessary interaction without compromise to their size, thus facilitating manual 52 interaction. By using a mouse, pen, or touchpad, the user Gesture Activated Buttons and List Elements simply draws a 2D symbol to execute an action; we will In Figure 2 we see the use of the gesture activated Name? refer to this as stroke or gesture interaction. By drawing a gestural input is partly a consequence of implementing T? over it (left) the interface lists all telephone number visual overloading, since it is necessary to resolve issues of entries that begin with the letter T? and by drawing a P? layer interaction. To avoid the overhead of manipulating (middle) the list is further optimized to all elements that layers, such as moving them about, to address, for example, begin with the letter T? and contain the letter P. This elements or widgets, which are beneath a layer, gestural approach drastically cuts down on executions for selecting interaction is used to provide the necessary context. This approach was taken to assist in rapid prototyping and to avoid any difficulties with device specific limitations. This we did to show that processor intensive alpha blending was not essential and adequate results could be achieved with simple well chosen animations. A gesture activated Name? Button is used to & click? approach or the user can circumvent intrusive make a search for a telephone number. Whereas, a symbol drawn on the right side of the list will further refine the search to any remaining items that contain the desired letter. Redundancy of Interaction Styles this form of interaction model is not restricted to gestural interaction alone, it can be used in the same way as a conventional mobile phone or by using the gesture optimizations. This allows the user to learn these gesture optimizations as they become familiar, thus avoiding any significant learning overhead. The initial screen contains a list of frequently called numbers (Figure 1), to access the details of a dialed numbers and two animated overloaded controls. The telephone number the user can click on the menu button darker traces show the execution of a stroke. Similarly, in the example from figure 2 the In addition, two overloaded control elements, depicted in user can dispense with the gesture interaction and use a Figure 1 are superimposed over the menu items, one of an series of hierarchical menus by simply tapping on the envelope to access messaging functions and the others of option button and accessing a number in the conventional the word register?, to access the call register, which fashion. A necessary example is that of dialing a number (see We now discuss the interface components and consider Figure 3), the use of gestures would be a less than adequate some interaction scenarios to help explain the use and means of carrying out this task, so the approach resorts to a benefits of this interface design. A letter is selected by starting a simple gradient gesture over a group of letters, as shown in Figure 4 (Middle, Left).

Fifty-one centuries later gastritis diet rice cheap lansoprazole 15 mg overnight delivery, the gardens are all but gone chronic gastritis diet guide buy lansoprazole 15 mg with visa, the fields themselves mechanized and chemicalized by the technosphere gastritis sore throat lansoprazole 30 mg without a prescription. Five weeks after the Inevitable Event gastritis youtube order genuine lansoprazole, now known simply as 9-11 gastritis natural treatment buy generic lansoprazole 15 mg on line, the end of history still smolders gastritis zyrtec purchase lansoprazole 30 mg without prescription. It was only in the thirteenth and final baktun that humans became organized by a single timing standard. However, it was not a timing standard in accord with the synchronic order of the Law of Time, but the artificial 12:60 timing frequency as represented by its two organizing instruments, the Gregorian calendar and the mechanical clock. The seeds of this moment had already been planted in the noosphere at the beginning of history. From both Sumeria and Babylonia the taint of the 12:60 fre quency then spread through the noosphere and, by means of historical dissemina tion and conquest, throughout the Old World. By the time the historic moment arrived to ripen the 12:60 frequency into its full fruition-A. The civiliza tions and peoples of the New World were now under the subjugation of the prevail ing world order of European global imperialism. The stage was set for the brief but final phase of mechanization, of which the technosphere itself is the climax. The Climax of History What the Noospheric Time Map also delineates is that the 13:20 frequency was the unconscious organizing factor of prehistory, and that, undoubtedly, a key timing system intuitively evolved among many prehistoric peoples independently of one another. This was the universal, harmonic solar-lunar standard of the Thir teen Moon/2 8-Day calendar. The defining point of history arrives with the estab lishment of a 12:60 timing standard within the noospheric unconscious. This fre quency predominates in the development of twelve-month pseudosolar calendars, as well as the twelve-month synodicallunation calendars that are not the measure of a solar year. These two commingled systems are entwined throughout the an cient history of the Old World as the central thread of development shaping the conception of time and resulting in what were to become the two dominant instru ments of human time reckoning, the Julian/Gregorian calendar and the mechani cal clock. Julius Caesar himself instituted the famous "calendar reform" that created the 446-day year of confusion in 45-44 B. The Essene movement, founded by someone known simply as the Teacher of Righteousness and of which Christ was supposedly a member, began as a revolt against the Hebrew lunar calendar. The issue was the need for fixed holidays within the solar cycle, something that is virtually impossible in a lunar calendar that retrocedes eleven days every solar year. There is strong reason to believe that among other calendars, the Essenes favored the Thirteen Moon/2 8-Day calendar. This even leads to the question: did Christ himself follow a thirteen moon calendar? In any case, it is the 12:60 frequency transmitted through the irrational disorder of the Julian/ Gregorian calendar that captures the mind of the human race and the biosphere during the final years of the cycle of history. And it is precisely for this reason that the pace of human civilization becomes exponentially and entropically accelerated during the last few centuries of its development. Shocked into higher consciousness by its own barbarism masquerading as civili zation, at the end point of history the human has the opportunity to return to the natural 13:20 frequency of synchronization. This return would mark the emergence of humanity from the unconscious mechanistic compulsion of artificial time into the conscious field of post-history. The only possible option to unify humanity-once the yoke of the Gregorian calendar is removed-is the true solar-lunar calendar of Thirteen Moon/28 Days. With the possibility of this positive end in sight, we may turn to a more descriptive and definitive analysis of the technosphere. In this way understanding the modalities of the technosphere as a distinct and entire process, we the Climax of History. The technosphere defines a 56-year cycle, 1945-2001, coordinated by two com plete Gregorian 28-year cycles. For any Gregorian calendar year, the days of the weeks in their irregular monthly succession and in relation to the permutation cycle of leap years repeat precisely every twenty-eight years, during which time there are always exactly seven leap years. This means that Gregorian calendar years 1945, 1973, and 2001 possess the same exact annual arrangement of the days of the week in their monthly succession. In this regard the Law of Time frames the cyclic recurrence of the otherwise irregular 12:60 Gregorian calendar by the intrinsic formulation 28:7. That is, just as the 19:7 factor coordinates the lunar calendars every nineteen years, there being seven intercalations of the thirteenth moon during that cycle, so in the Gregorian calendar every twenty-eight years there are always exactly seven leap days and years. Understanding a calendar as the instrument that locks the conditioned programs of a given culture or people into place, we can now understand how the unconscious metaprogram of the macro-organizing principle of the Gregorian calendar cumula tively recycles all its millennial programs every twenty-eight years. Since its incep tion in 1582, the Gregorian calendar has been dragging forward a host of condi tioned thought forms and perceptions, including those inherited from 1,500 years of the Julian calendar that it had reformed. At points of dramatic break in the continu ity of human consciousness, a new set of cycles is set to recur. The entirety of the mind field conditioned and held in place by the Gregorian calendar then reaches its full frui tion during the two subsequent 28-year cycles, fifty-six years in all-thus bringing forward two millennia of conditionings, conflicts, and unconscious death wishes or apocalyptic programs. The first cycle was initiated in the year 1945, the year in which Vernadsky died, the atomic bomb was tested once and used twice, and the Second World War came to an end. It is most telling that the Second World War was concluded at the beginning of this 56-year cycle of the technosphere, for it was a war concluded not with peace but with instruments of mass destruction and terror. The technosphere has its origins with the full capture of the human mental field by the 12:60 frequency in 1618. From 1618 onward, the noosphere is increasingly obscured by a mental field known as the technospheric sheath. It is important to note that the Julian count, the basis of all modern scientific calculations, is a scale created by Thomas Scaliger in 1583, twenty one years after the 1562 Mayan book burning. This linear time scale, like the Gregorian calendar reform itself, was intended to co-opt the Mayan thirteen baktun Long Count by setting a count of days that begins the first of January, 4713 B. This deliberate historical act, the Julian count, along with the Gregorian calendar and the mechanical clock, established the paradigmatic notion of the linearity of time in the ripening field of scientific thought. Reflected in the noosphere, this linear, irreversible time concept levels and stunts the realization of human mass consciousness. In fact, during the technospheric cycle, especially after 1754, the ceiling of human conscious ness is maintained by a preoccupation with mechanistic third-dimensional operations while becoming increasingly alienated from the organic order of reality. This creates the 12:60 consciousness constant, a mental ceiling that actually diminishes in propor tion to the increasing rates of multiplication, propagation, and intrinsic velocity of the machine. The industrial sheath spreads throughout the biosphere between 1754 and 1901, the official beginning of the twentieth century. During this critical stage of the proto-technosphere, the actions of human behavior interacting with machine technology make the expression of true culture increasingly difficult, if not impos sible. Civilization becomes a set of symbols purveyed through museums, galleries, and theaters, and recorded and reproduced in ever more advanced technological forms. But what of culture, which is not the same as civilization-what becomes of culture? According to the common dictionary definition, which already reflects the mass mind, technology is "the totality of the means employed to provide objects necessary for human suste nance and comfort. In common parlance, therefore, technology refers to the complex apparatus of mechanization. The Climax of History convert human labor into processes carried out purely by machine-oriented or me chanical means. This is also inclusive of the entirety of computer technology, which represents the mechanization of the more purely mental processes of thought and communication. Mechanization, we must remember, originated in the clock, in the mechanization of time. It is the mechanization of time that presupposes the tendency toward mecha nization as a state of mind within the noosphere. Since artificial time is characterized by the illusion of an inexorable and irreversible linearity, the compulsion toward materialism is also experienced in the same way, an inexorable motion spearheaded by the advance of ever more improved machines. The machines themselves are the products and means of industrialization-the technological transformation of raw goods into consumer goods, a process accounting for much of the free energy intro duced into the biogeochemical combustion of the biosphere. Inseparable from mechanized technology, too, are materialism and the con cept of the World Market and, more recently, of globalization. Materialism is im plicit in the dictionary definition of technology as the means employed not only for human sustenance but also for human comfort. This comfort can only be of a material form or nature, hence the pursuit of comfort through mechanized tech nology can only be for the furtherance of a philosophy and exaggerated lifestyle of materialism-the belief that only the material things of this world have any value. Of course, the value of material goods and comforts increases when the value of money is put into the technospheric equation. The first stock market opened early in the eighteenth century, providing a place where money could be used as specu lative capital to promote the advance of commodities and machine products. The entire sphere involving commodity production and its conversion into consumer products eventually came to be known as the World Market. Integral to the suc cess of the World Market was the creation of the modern banking system, based on the institutionalization of interest rates and the principle of lending money to companies for the purpose of furthering the transformation of the biosphere into the technosphere. While the concept of the World Market prevailed for a long time as the defini tion of the system for exploiting and extracting natural resources from the biosphere, and then converting them into industrial goods to be consumed by the human popu lace worldwide, globalization is far more recent. Globalization represents the abso lute triumph of capitalism as the dominant economic doctrine of the human species in the biosphere, and the absolute basis of the technosphere in its final phase of development. As such, globalization is the economic system of neoliberal market the Climax of History. It is a specialized form of monetary imperialism that gives rise to and is supported by the doctrine of monetary politics, the use of money as a means of coercion or even for the buying out of whole governments. Of course, the principle practitioner of monetary politics is the nation with the most money, the United States of America, home of the World Trade Center. Fostering corporate multinationalism, globalization is inseparable from the con sumer philosophy it promotes. Consumerism is the devaluation of the human into a link in the chain of the cycle of industrial production, the object of globalization being to inspire and promote a massive and wide-scale consumerism worldwide. This is what is meant by such phrases as "increasing consumer purchasing power" and "opening new markets. The first public meeting of the G-7 occurred in the summer of 1990, just prior to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The doctrine and system of globalization-now overtly controlled by the G-7 and its chief ally,the Euromarket nations-is inseparable from industrial technology as the means employed to pro vide objects necessary for human sustenance and comfort. Implicit in the philosophy of globalization is the right of the G-7 to promote and defend its way of life, regard less of its ultimate effects on the biosphere and at the expense of ideologies and beliefs not consistent with it. From the point of view of the biosphere, globalization is the cancer of the hu man species consuming non-renewable resources and, through the release of free energy, effecting the final critical increase in biogeochemical combustion. The plan etary instrument for furthering the entire process and philosophy of globalization is the technosphere. The Climax of History mechanized technology and its support philosophy (globalization), understood as an artificial sphere encompassing the globe. As such, the techno sphere is discontinu ously interspersed within the biosphere. Being the description of an evolutionary stage, the technosphere is governed by the Law of Time as a 56-year event continuum along the lines of an artificial plan etary cocoon. Insofar as it is the projection of human thought, the technosphere is the materialization of the sum mental processes denoted and conditioned by mecha nization in all its aspects, and that have their primary root in the mechanization of time. It is the mechanization of time that essentially establishes the artificial timing frequency as the capacity to engender the machine and, consequently, an artificial structure, the technosphere. Because it is artificial, however, its duration is highly limited and is subject to the inherent inconsistencies and contradictions in human thought and social structures because of the aberrant effects of adapting to artificial time in the first place. The effect of adaptation to artificial mechanized time creates a social-political hierarchy known as the technocracy-rule according to the needs of technology. It is the effect of maintaining the technocracy and the technosphere itself that establishes the inability of human consciousness to do anything more than remain in a constant, servile, and unchanging state of machine dominance. All the while, by contrast to the unchanging condition of consciousness, the machines evolve exponentially in number and complexity. To be fully understood, the technosphere cannot be seen apart from its place in the biosphere-noosphere continuum. The technosphere represents the absolute control of the biosphere by artificial 12:60 time. Artificial time generates the artifi cial medium of money, hence the operating philosophy of the technosphere: "time is money. Servitude to money draws hu mans away from the biosphere in order to be devoured by Mammon-the technosphere as an all-consuming entity. In this process the humans get money in return for selling their bodies and souls to artificial time, usually eight hours a day, often to produce artificial goods or for service in maintaining the artificial system of money itself. This money gained from servitude is used to buy consumer goods, including more machines of every kind, and thus the human participates as a vital link in the cycle of biogeochemical combustion. In this way the mechanized lifestyle converts the human-the consumer-into the biomass necessary for maintaining the technosphere. Commodity production alone accounts for the complex of in dustrialization that brings the World Market and the technosphere into existence. While prior to industrialization the city depended on a healthy agrarian economy for its support, industrialization pushed the city to new heights of artifici ality, not the least of which were round-the-clock lighting systems that allowed for 24-hour consumer markets. As such, the city is the nucleus of the technospheric system, the hub of its commodity production, of its energy consumption, and of its transport and communication empires. The growth of the cities around the world is exponential in the second half of the twentieth century, reflecting the triumph of the technosphere. It should be noted that in the fifty-six years of the technosphere, the human population almost tripled-from 2. The tremendous needs of industrial production have transformed the natural energy processes of the bio sphere into gigantic artificial complexes for the production of energy to maintain factory and city alike. The impact of the different artificial energy systems upon the biosphere has been enormous. These systems include coal, oil, and fossil fuels in general, as well as hydropower and nuclear energy.

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